Project Management PRINCE2
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Table of Contents
Case Study 1: MSc
Course Project Management
Apply Seven
PRINCE2 Principles
Approaches of
Seven PRINCE2 Principles
Seven PRINCE2
Approaches for Themes
PRINCE2 Methodology
in Automotive Industry
Factors affecting
PRINCE2 Implementations
Assignment Part 1
Case Study 1: MSc Course Project Management
Introduction
According to the
University of Chester, Michel has been accepted to the MSc in Programming and
Project Management program. This is a very exciting development for Michel. He
is very enthusiastic about the program. After completing his work, he hopes to
earn an MSc degree. This project will serve him well in the future. Before the
modules begin, Michel should initiate and prepare for the academic year. His
work is quite extensive. To help him with this project, Michel has selected you
(Eskerod & Vaagaasar, 2014). That particular project was successfully
implemented using PRINCE2*. In PRINCE2, controls and organization are
emphasized heavily. The PRINCE2 method of project management provides an ideal
framework for beginners because it focuses on linear processes.
Apply Seven PRINCE2 Principles
Business organizations
and government agencies around the world use PRINCE2® as a project management
method. There are multiple advantages to using PRINCE2®, regardless of the size
or industry of a project. Each PRINCE2 activity is based on one or more of the
seven PRINCE2 principles apply Michel for project management program. Michel's
project is not a PRINCE2 project if he does not apply all these PRINCE2
principles. Project management is also known as PRINCE2, and it is a method
that is based upon rigorous procedures, and it is considered to be a crucial
part of the project management process irrespective of the project's
size. Due to streamlined, controlled project management principles and
themes, project managers can more easily and effectively manage their projects
(Costa, 2016). To be considered for the MSc project, all princes must apply
Michel,
Continued Business
Justification
If Michel plan on
undertaking any project, Michel will need to develop a business plan as well as
an outline of risks and costs, along with customer identification from within
and outside the company. PRINCE2® is all about thinking in this manner. As long
as this is the focus of the project, Michel will be able to take the
appropriate steps to reach the anticipated results. He is very enthusiastic
about the program. After completing his work, he hopes to earn an MSc degree.
This project will serve him well in the future.
Learn from experience:
It is also important to
record all Michel experiences so Michel will be able to refer to them in the
future. Learning from mistakes will make teams more skilled and knowledgeable,
enabling them to handle projects with more fervor and efficiency. In this
environment, the stages and outcomes of learning are recorded to ensure
consistency and reliability (Vanickova, 2017). The success of Michel is
capitalized on while avoiding previous mistakes. The success of Michel enables
future teams to use Michel's expertise effectively.
Defined roles and
responsibilities:
Team members will be
more efficient, more productive, and more successful if they are aware of their
responsibilities and roles. A PRINCE2® project management method makes it possible
to identify roles and responsibilities for every member of Michel team, thus
facilitating an efficient, successful, and reliable project. Project assurance
is one of the responsibilities of the PRINCE2 project board. There are three
roles in this team which come under project management in regards to PRINCE2,
namely assurance (management), assurance (users), and assurance (suppliers).
Manage by stages:
Projects are divided
into sections and stages so they can be managed more effectively. A review of
the learning by the superiors is done at the end of every stage after it has
been completed and recorded. Moreover, the Michel MSc project management can be
guaranteed to stay on track and no loopholes will be developed.
Manage by exception:
Michel and his team
cannot devote daily time to projects because they are executive board members
with a major role in the organization. They can give project managers
requirements for baselines. There are measurable elements of a project, such as
time, cost, risk assessment, and scope. The project manager will take
appropriate action when a problem arises, such as overrunning or failing to
meet deadlines, the project manager will take appropriate action. However,
there may be a few problems in the setup. In such situations, the board intervenes
and makes a decision (Monnot, 2013).
Focus on the product:
Team members, as well as
project leaders, are responsible for achieving measurable outcomes. We always
ensure superior quality control to ensure requirements are met.
Tailor to suit the
project:
According to the Michel
course of project management, The Project management is made easier with the
PRINCE2® system's adaptability. Each project has different requirements, so the
system can be tailored to meet those needs. It is possible to customize
PRINCE2® to meet Michel’s needs in terms of the size of his team, the level of
oversight, and the stage of the project.
Approaches of Seven PRINCE2 Principles
As outlined in PRINCE2,
the three main roles and approaches are the project board, the project manager,
and the project team. Additionally, Michel performs many tasks related to
completing projects that are related to the MSc in Management.
· A completed project is
usually billed to the customer.
· A project's deliverables
determine whether its outcome has an impact on the user. Michel and his customers
can be the same person.
· Knowledge and expertise
are provided by the supplier for project implementation.
· As a project manager,
Michel responsibilities include planning, organizing, and monitoring their
projects. A project manager is responsible for making sure the right work is
completed on time and for selecting and managing the person who completes the
task (Saleh Al-Freidi, 2015).
· Managing the project and
completing the tasks are the responsibility of the team managers of Michel and
a few project team members. They are directly responsible for day-to-day
details of the project, reporting to the project manager.
· In Additional to
organizing meetings, ensuring everyone is up to date, and keeping track of
documents, the administrator can assist. When more than one project is running
at once, or when several smaller projects are running at the same time, the
project manager is usually responsible for coordinating this.
According to Michel
point of, view, customers (usually a representative of an executive or
company), end-users (or suppliers), and vendors all participate on project
boards. Through this, the project can be successfully implemented from three
perspectives:
· An analysis of the costs
and benefits of a project is used by many companies to determine whether it is
financially viable (Saleh Al-Freidi, 2015).
· To meet the Michel needs,
the user must take responsibility.
· It is the supplier's
responsibility to ensure the solution before accepting the project is realistic
and practical.
An unbiased, third-party
team may provide PRINCE2 assurance on some projects.
Seven PRINCE2 Themes
The PRINCE2 Themes can
be applied at Michel’s course in a project's lifecycle. The train
consists of wheels, passengers, and a conductor. As much comfort as possible is
provided to the passenger by all parts. The seven themes of PRINCE2 which use
in Michel course are:
1. Business Case
PRINCE2 projects must
document business cases. Throughout the entire project life cycle, the business
cases must be validated. The Michel project management case result in benefits
for the parent organization. Improved
infrastructure is the result of a rehabilitated highway, but the benefit is a
rehabilitated highway.
2. Organization
The train would not
arrive at its destination as long as the engineer or mechanic were pushing it
(well, maybe). Accordingly, the second question is: how will assembling
the pieces have an impact? According to PRINCE2, every role in a project is
essential. PRINCE2 project responsibilities are summarized in Michel
project management case as is the organization chart (“Critical Evaluation of
Prince2 and Agile Project Management Methodologies for a Complex Project,”
2016).
3. Quality
The quality of a project
management can be compared to riding a rattled train. Nobody will be happy with
the results, even if Michel and his team get to destination. Deliverable
quality is an important consideration when evaluating a project. This can
result in increased expenses (and additional time spent) when deficiencies are
repaired. The project may have already gone over its financial budget if
the cost (and time) are higher than expected.
4. Plans
Plans for project
management are similar to those for Michel projects. Michel carefully reviews
the proposal before deciding to move forward. Michel wouldn't consent to it if
he had no one to agree with. As part of
the planning process, the project is defined and confidence is instilled.
Project plans determine how the project will be implemented. The Project Information section provides all
the details for each respective project, including budgets, schedules, teams,
risks, and more.
5. Risks
Michel project
Management must identify and analyze risk factors in addition to regularly
assessing risks throughout the project. Identifying and analyzing risks,
as well as being aware of the people responsible for the things associated with
them, is part of a risk management approach that must be defined (TOUBLANC,
2012).
6. Change
Project schedules and
budgets can be drastically altered by budget issues, scheduling issues, and
quality issues. It is impossible to predict the outcome of a project in
advance. To ensure that a project doesn't fail, change procedures should be
prepared and a system for handling them established. Due to this, the
final theme will be project changes.
7. Progress
The progress of the
project plan is measured by ensuring progress is being made. Monitored progress of a project means
assessing performance against the project's scope, cost, quality, risk, and
timeframe objectives. The project will
either be moved forward, modified, or canceled depending on the actual progress
made.
Seven PRINCE2 Approaches for Themes
1. Business Case Approach
Business cases are
developed and maintained using two management products:
Analysis of the business
case.
The continuous monitoring of the project's durability is accomplished through
this document, which accounts for its costs, benefits, shortcomings, risks, and
timeframes.
An approach that manages
benefits.
Managing benefits is a method of achieving benefits.
The business case should
not only consider the cost of the project but also any ongoing operational
costs. As soon as the project has been completed, it is imperative to review
the business case to ensure that benefits are realized during all stages of
management (Williams, 2009).
2. Organization Approach
The following management
products are required by the Organization theme:
PID (Project Initiation
Document).
These are documents that describe the project initiation. The project
plan specifies what responsibilities each person has, whose decisions are being
made, and whose authority each individual has.
Methodology for managing
communications. The document contains information about communication
needs, communication frequency, and communication style.
3. Quality Approach
According to PRINCE2,
the Quality theme mandates two management products:
Management Approach to
Quality. A quality control document outlines several
metrics which detail, among other things, how to evaluate these steps and the
person who will be responsible for doing the assessment.
Register of Quality. During the Quality Assurance and Control
activities in the Quality Register, the results of all quality assurance and
control activities are compiled.
4. Plans Approach
It is not specified how
plans should be formatted in PRINCE2. Charts, documents, spreadsheets,
and whiteboard drawings can all be used to implement a stage plan. The
following information should be included:
· A description of a
product provides a detailed explanation of what is being made.
· The breakdown of tasks
involved in a product's production is known as a work breakdown structure.
· The schedule will break
down when each activity is scheduled to take place.
· Cost breakdown for the
activities in a budget (Pai, 2010).
· An assurance and quality
control register is a list of activities to be undertaken.
· Register of risks on the
project, how much severity they have, and what will be done about them.
5. Risk Approach
These management products
are necessary for this theme:
Methodology for managing
risks.
Outlines the risk management process. Describes the methods for
prioritizing risks based on the results of risk analysis. Describes how
risk response plans can be used to reevaluate risks.
The risk register. A list of project
risks is presented here, along with a ranking of their likelihood and
severity. Strategies for addressing the biggest risks are also outlined.
Risk opportunities
should also be included in the risk theme. When risks have a positive
outcome, they are opportunities, and taking advantage of them can make a big
difference in the success of a project.
6. Change Approach
To manage this theme,
you'll need two products:
Register of Issues. By tracking the
items that pop up in the project that require change, an issue register allows
project managers to track and mitigate all issues that lead to project changes.
An approach to change
control. The procedures that apply when a project
changes are outlined in this document.
Various corrective actions are provided and how issues can be captured
and evaluated are discussed (Tomanek & Juricek, 2015).
7. Progress Approach
Managing progress in
PRINCE2 projects is described in the Project Initiation Document (PID).
The document explains the separate authorizations for each stage.
Progress can be reported in two ways:
A time-driven approach. Repeating on a
regular schedule
Result-based. When a particular
event is triggered, it occurs.
Assignment Part 2
Discussion and Lesson Learnt
Introduction
The purpose of this
chapter is to critically analyze the theory and methodology of project
management. In this chapter, we will examine the literature about methodologies
for managing projects. This document will conclude with an analysis of the
Prince2 methodology, including its process, principles, principal elements, and
key components. In addition, we'll discuss challenges faced during
implementation and the factors affecting the prince2 framework.
Literature Review
Before discussing some
details of project management, it would be helpful to clarify what a project
is. Literature on projects describes them in many different ways. Here we look
at the most popular methods of defining projects. A project is a temporary
undertaking that results in the creation of a new product, service, or event.
It is an endeavor that organizes resources in a new way to achieve a unique
scope of work when humans, materials, and resources are integrated to attain
measurable benefits within constraints of cost and schedule. Most people are
curious as to why an organization is implementing a project and how it is
different from the daily operations of the organization. An operational project
differs from a product or service since it doesn't involve repetitive or
routine activities such as manufacturing (Jamali & Oveisi, 2016). The team
of people working on an operational project is rarely united. Organizations
conduct projects for a variety of reasons, including developing new products,
investigating problems, and dealing with them.
PRINCE2 Vs. PMP
A professional project
manager is faced with as many certification programs as there are
certifications. Project management professional (PMP) certification by the
project management institute (PMI) is without a doubt one of the most popular
certifications in project management. How do you decide which is the best
project management certification? There are two main differences between these
certifications, namely that they offer two different frameworks for managing
projects. Project management professionals must be familiar with the PMBOK
Guide to Project Management, a publication published by the PMI. It is
necessary, however, that practitioners understand the whole process (Altahtooh,
2020). To discover which project management methodology suits you best,
research the two. Each industry has its preferences. While PMP is more commonly
used in the United States, Canada, and the Middle East, Prince2 is more popular
in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. Project management methods such
as PRINCE2 ensure projects are managed and completed on schedule, within
budget, and with high-quality deliverables. PRINCE2 or an agile framework can
be used to run your project as long as the goals remain the same. Using Project
Manager makes it easier to do it better, no matter what method you use.
PRINCE2 Methodology in Automotive Industry
Any organization's
Operations and Management department are crucial to its performance if it is
going to achieve its goals. To satisfy both customers' and customers'
requirements, automotive industry competitors must implement effective project
management across the board. It's a generic framework that caters to all types
of projects in the industry and is located at the heart of Project Management
PRINCE2 (PMP2). The purpose of this research is therefore to investigate the
outcomes of implementing Prince2 methodologies in Malaysian auto manufacturing.
Prince2 is a structured process for managing projects effectively. As a
process-based approach to project management, PRINCE2 has achieved a high level
of acceptance in the UK (Esteki et al., 2020). Because of its emphasis on
managing and controlling the project within stages. Malaysia's automotive
industry can benefit from this research by implementing the Prince2
methodology. Furthermore, it will increase the utilization of PMP2 in the
automotive industry, resulting in higher human performance.
Increasing market
sophistication, changing customer preferences, and global competition are
putting manufacturing companies under increasing pressure. As globalization
expands the market and increases competition, customers are increasingly
demanding higher quality and greater flexibility from manufacturers while at
the same time keeping profits high. There is no longer a single manufacturing
center, but rather production is spread out over many countries. A company
needs to search for new products and services at reasonable prices in such a
highly competitive market by finding new processes, materials, vendors,
suppliers, and manufacturing facilities.
Effective project
management can be accomplished through PRINCE2 project management. As a generic
project management model, PRINCE2 has become established in the British Isles.
In the UK, it is now considered and used as a de facto standard by both the
government and the private sector (Esteki et al., 2020). There is no
proprietary information about the PRINCE2 Method. It offers non-proprietary
project management guidelines that are being implemented internationally. With
PRINCE 2, you can manage all types of projects with a simple and scalable
method. The adoption of the PRINCE2 methodology by organizations is largely
driven by uncertainty and change. People change their minds and the requirements
change throughout the project.
Project outcomes
are impacted by these factors. To avoid a project going in the wrong direction,
PRINCE2 has a technique for controlling how changes will impact the project. Project
management tools like PRINCE2 enable managers to stay on schedule and within
budget. For this reason, PRINCE2 divides each project into clearly defined
steps that begin and end at specified times. In addition, they primarily
implement products rather than deliver them. Worldwide, PRINCE2 is the most
widely used project management method in the private and public sectors. There
are multiple processes involved in PRINCE2. The Prince2 control model
establishes control during the project as well as at the end (Pawar &
Mahajan, 2017).
PRICE2 is a seven-step
project management methodology. There are seven components for each of the
seven processes, principles, and themes. Project management in PRINCE2
methodology involves planning, delegating, monitoring, controlling, and
motivating everyone to achieve the specific objectives by schedule, budget,
quality, scope, and risk guidelines. As a result, the project team members
clearly understand their roles and responsibilities and focus on the delivery
of the project's product. A project framework provides a structured approach
that accommodates the various activities and disciplines required during a
project. Using PRINCE2, you can define each stage of a project's initiation,
middle, and end. PRINCE2 stresses that the final product is an important part of
the project delivery process.
Seven Process of PRINCE2
Process-based project
management is the basis of PRINCE2. Organizing activities systematically to
accomplish a specific aim is what constitutes a process. Taking in one or more
inputs results in a particular output. In PRINCE2, seven processes can be used
to efficiently direct, manage, and deliver a project.
Starting a new project. In the process of
launching the project, we will examine the project's pre-requisites to ensure
its feasibility and value. Before we take any action, we will conduct start-up
activities. This must be a clear decision to commence the project. In addition,
it is about approving viable project proposals, not those that are poorly
conceived (Hughes et al., 2017).
Project Initiation. It is essential to
develop a strategy and plan for the project. A project's processes, such as
maintaining risk management, communicating with stakeholders, and maintaining
quality control, must be defined
Project management. Management oversees this
project through every stage and manages it until it is completed. Every new
stage is approved by management before it begins.
The control of a stage. Every stage of the
project must be overseen by a project manager, who takes action and approves
work packages as needed. Issues and risks are identified by the project manager
and escalated to the project board.
Managing the product
delivery process. Each stage of the development process should be adhered to by the
manager and development team as they accept and accept work packages.
Stage Boundaries
Management (SB). A project manager usually performs this process at the end of
every stage, particularly when determining how to handle exceptions. A stage
report is used by project managers to forecast the next stage (Hughes et al.,
2017).
An end-of-project (CP)
is reached. The project is closed at this point. After reviewing the project,
handing over the product, and completing the lessons learned document, the
project manager performs this task.
Factors affecting PRINCE2 Implementations
There are several
factors to consider when implementing Prince2 PMM in an organization. Our
purpose in this research is to examine the impact organizational structures and
training can have on project management, as well as adaptability to the method,
on implementation at our agency. The following paragraphs will discuss the
results.
Project Team
Competencies
A project manager must
possess various competencies to complete the project according to their
expectations. The capabilities of project managers are discussed in numerous
pieces of literature as they are related to project success. Project managers
contribute a great deal to a project's success. Additionally, members of the
study indicated project management skills, domain knowledge, and communication
skills are among the most relevant competencies for project managers. Utilizing
these competencies results in improved project performance (Jamali &
Oveisi, 2016).
Risk Management
In risk management, the
priority is to increase success and minimize unsatisfactory outcomes. PRINCE2
provides risk identification and management processes that will ensure a
successful project. The project will achieve its goals with an appropriate
approach to risk management.
Organization Structure
An organization's
structure needs to be able to support the implementation of management
methodologies. A culture of learning and leadership is necessary to foster
knowledge exchange between knowledge holders and adapters. As a result,
employees in an organization with the above in place are more likely to utilize
project management methods. The project management methodology must create an
atmosphere that is conducive to experimentation and risk-taking. An
organization must have a clear strategic vision if it is to cultivate a culture
of risk-taking and embrace change. The organization must be prepared for any
type of change.
Communication
A company's employees
should be fully informed of the benefits of adopting a project management methodology
before adopting it. The methodology must be accepted by top management before
implementation and adoption can proceed. Project managers must be provided with
training and information on how to apply the best practices in project
management and what that entails. When they feel that others will be utilizing
the project management methodology, the project managers will be more willing
to consult and help one another.
Adaptability of
Methodology
By adapting something,
you are modifying it to suit a changed purpose, usage, or circumstance. Changes
in technology, environments, and expectations confront project managers as a
result of organizational change. The key to adapting is to maintain awareness
of ambiguity and complexity within a situation, interact, be responsive,
adjust, and receive feedback (Tomanek & Juricek, 2015). A common myth about
PMI-PRINCE2, according to practitioners, is that it is only applicable to large
projects. The PRINCE2 methodology was significantly revised in 2009 so that it
addressed the specific needs of projects of different sizes and environments.
However, project managers who interact with PRINCE2 environments and run small
projects continue to lack detailed guidance in one convenient location.
The University of
Queensland conducted research that found respondents had mentioned tailoring
(such as flexibility) even after the revised PRINCE2 2009 guideline addressing
tailoring in the methodology. The study included PRINCE2 users as well as
non-PRINCE2 users.
Conclusion
A project management
method is based on processes that have an emphasis on organizing and
controlling all aspects of a project. Consequently, each step of the process is
clearly outlined before the project kickoff, with all loose ends being neatly
tied after the project. The PRINCE methodology was originally designed to help
the UK Department for Trade and Industry manage IT projects. Over 150 public
and private organizations performed a review and update of the approach in 1996
to improve its applicability across a range of industries. This led to the
development of PRINCE2.
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